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Cushing’s disease is a rare chronic disease caused by a pituitary adenoma, which leads to excess secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The over-production of ACTH leads to hyperstimulation of the adrenal glands and a chronic excess of cortisol, resulting in the signs and symptoms of a severe clinical state (Cushing’s syndrome) that leads to significant morbidity, negative impacts on the...
Thickened pituitary stalks (TPSs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) result from diverse pathologies; therefore, it is essential to make specific diagnoses for clinical decision-making. The diagnoses and indications for surgical biopsies in patients with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and TPSs are thoroughly discussed in this paper. Thirty-seven patients with CDI and TPSs were retrospectively reviewed...
We sought associations among metabolic profiles, copeptin levels, emotional control, personality traits, and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity in metabolically obese normal-weight young women (MONW). We assessed body composition, including fat-free mass; body fat (BF) and android and gynoid fat depots; fasting blood glucose, insulin, copeptin, cortisol (baseline and after dexamethasone),...
Rhythms govern many endocrine functions. Examples of such rhythmic systems include the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cell, which regulates blood glucose, and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron, which governs reproductive function. Although serving very different functions within the body, these cell types share many important features. Both GnRH neurons and beta-cells, for instance,...
Hyperprolactinemia, frequently caused by a prolactinoma, is an important cause of infertility among young women. Dopamine agonists (DA) are the treatment of choice. Although cabergoline (CAB) is currently considered the gold standard DA, bromocriptine (BRC) remains the drug of choice for women desiring pregnancy, as it was proven to be safe in more than 6,000 pregnancies. The purpose of this review...
The aim of this study was to examine a homogeneous, consecutive recent series of patients who underwent reoperation on the thyroid bed to assess the incidence of the complications commonly correlated with resurgery. We reviewed clinical charts of 233 patients who underwent resurgery taken from a total of 4,752 patients previously operated on for benign and malignant thyroid diseases from 2006 to 2010...
We investigated association of lean body mass with bone mass (BM) and bone mineral density (BMD) according to gender and menopausal status in the general Korean population. Participants included 4,299 males and 5,226 females who were 20 years of age or older from the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (2009–2010). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used for...
The lack of a continuous cell line of epithelial parathyroid cells able to produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) has hampered the studies on in vitro evaluation of the mechanisms involved in the control of parathyroid cell function and proliferation. The PT-r cell line was first established from rat parathyroid tissue in 1987, but these cells were known to express the parathyroid hormone-related peptide...
Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are an escalating clinical issue due to the increasing use of imaging techniques. Occasional patients with AIs have been reported who have subsequently been diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to CYP21A2 mutations (21-hydroxylase deficiency) or carrier status. The objective of this investigation was to describe a larger cohort of patients with AI suspected...
Previously reported associations of a common polymorphism near melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene (rs17782313) with BMI/obesity were inconsistent, especially in East Asia, and the associations of the polymorphism with serum lipid levels have not been fully elucidated. This study evaluated the association between rs17782313 and obesity-related traits and serum lipid levels in the general Japanese...
We investigated the efficacy of cilostazol treatment for 2 years on the attenuation of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) progression in type 2 diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease history, as compared with other antiplatelet agents. We recruited a total of 230 type 2 diabetic patients who had undergone IMT measurement twice within 1.5–2.5 years (mean 2.06 ± 0.32 years) interval. Among...
Studies designed to evaluate the short-term effects of incretin-related drugs in subjects with cardiac disease are still preliminary. In patients with heart failure, two of five studies showed that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) infusion was associated with an absolute increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by 6–10 %, whereas no significant benefit was observed in the remaining three...
The GH/IGF-I axis has essential roles in regulating bone and vascular status. The age-related decrease in GH secretion (“somatopause”) may contribute to osteoporosis and atherosclerosis, commonly observed in the elderly. Adult-onset GH deficiency (GHD) has been reported to be associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD), increased risk of fractures, and premature atherosclerosis. We have shown...
The objective of this study is to present a familial Cushing syndrome (CS) caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1)-associated thymic carcinoid. Immunohistochemistry, gene sequencing, loss of heterozygosity analysis, and Western blot were used to determine the expression of ACTH in MEN-1-related thymic tumors, MEN1 gene mutation, the pattern and extent of allelic deletion, and the expression...
Liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumor (NET) can be treated by transarterial embolization (TAE) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The goal of TAE and TACE is to reduce blood flow to the tumor resulting in tumor ischemia and necrosis. In this retrospective study, the effectiveness and safety of TAE–TACE in the treatment of liver metastases in patients with NET was compared. Thirty patients...
Although several observations indicate that serum TSH levels in the high normal range are related to cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors in the general population, similar data are limited in diabetic subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential associations between TSH serum levels within the normal range and major metabolic and non-metabolic CVD risk factors in a cohort of euthyroid...
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